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Independent reference desk on sport and human rights

Section

Athletes’ rights

Expression, representation, pay and protection: what athletes may say and do, and which bodies set the rules.

4 reference articles

About this section

Expression, representation, pay and protection: what athletes may say and do, and which bodies set the rules. This section holds 4 reference articles. Each one states its question, gives the answer in plain language, lists the key facts and cites the documents it relies on. The desk reviews the section as a whole and marks the review date on every page.

Athletes' Rights Declarations Explained: The IOC Declaration and Independent Athlete Charters: Athletes' rights declaration explained: what the 2018 IOC Athletes' Rights and Responsibilities Declaration says and how player and athlete groups responded.

IOC Refugee Olympic Team: How It Works, From Rio 2016 to Paris 2024: How the IOC Refugee Olympic Team works: who qualifies, who confirms refugee status and how the team grew from 10 athletes in Rio 2016 to 37 in Paris 2024.

Rule 50 Explained: What the Olympic Charter Allows and Bans in Athlete Expression: Rule 50 explained: what the Olympic Charter bans, how Rule 40.2 and IOC athlete expression guidelines apply, and where athletes may speak at the Games.

World Cup Prize Money, Men vs Women: What FIFA Has Published: World Cup prize money men vs women: FIFA's published figures for the 2022 and 2026 men's tournaments and the 2023 Women's World Cup, with per-player amounts.